Schlagwort-Archive: immigrants

On the diversity of Vietnamese immigration to Germany – what does it mean to be a “model minority”?*

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The educational success of Vietnamese pupils – the so-called “Asian Miracle” – is well documented and sits deep in the public imagination. But what is the reality for these pupils and their families, so often praised as figureheads of successful integration? This anthology, edited by Kocaturk-Schuster and colleagues, aims to shed light on the diverse realities of the 176,000 persons of Vietnamese descent in Germany. As an anthology, it offers a range of perspectives with entries on education and upbringing just a fraction of its breadth.

The chapter by Aladin El-Mafaalani  and Thomas Kemper (“Educational success despite unfavourable conditions”) illuminates the current perception of Vietnamese pupils as a “model minority”. Using official statistics and various research findings, they document the outstanding educational success of Vietnamese pupils in the German education system, despite social and economic factors that usually adversely affect educational attainment. The authors cannot answer the question of the “Asian miracle”. But they do provide possible explanatory indicators that are yet to be researched. They also appeal for research in tertiary and further education that would enquire whether this educational success continues.

While the educational success of Vietnamese pupils is consistently revered, little is known of the intergenerational conflicts that result from migration-related experiences. In another contribution („Germans with parents from Vietnam“), Birgitt Röttger-Rössler describes the challenges that education gaps and language barriers pose to parent-child relationships. A generation of children, driven by a parental zeal for education, has entered the German education system and lives the local society. Their parents still struggle with the German language and customs, and often depend on the communication skills of their children. The traditional Confucian-influenced parent-child roles thus switch in the integration process. There is a collision with the strict hierarchical principle of seniority, according to which, younger people are obliged to obey their elders completely. Traditional patterns of behavior no longer align with life in Germany such that family conflicts seem inevitable.

The insights provided here are indicative of a body of work that seeks to show the diversity of Vietnamese experience in Germany. It is thus recommended for readers who wish to look behind the façade of common stereotypes which situate the Vietnamese as a homogenous community that merely produces ‘model pupils’.

– Trang Schwenke-Lam

Kocaturk-Schuster, B., Kolb, A., Thanh Long, Schultze, G. & Wölck, S. (eds.) (2017). UnSichtbar: Vietnamesisch-Deutsche Wirklichkeiten. Edition DOMiD – Migration im Fokus, Vol. 3.

*This is an adapted version of a longer review which appears in Pacific geographies #49: http://pacific-geographies.org/2018/02/22/pacific-geographies-49/

What can we learn from immigrant students’ use of digital media?

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It goes without saying that digital media now feature in almost all aspects of our daily lives. Not limited by national borders, they can open up new opportunities to develop language, literacy and social skills in globally relevant ways. In this regard, immigrant students have resources that are crucial to learning in the 21st century. Eva Lam argues that their digital practices must therefore be understood and leveraged in formal education settings.

Lam confirms that immigrant students in the US mostly use digital media for communication and for retrieving information. They communicate with peers and family in the US as well as in their countries of origin. They also access news from the US, their native countries and other parts of the world. Not only do students use several languages in these online activities, but they also broaden their perspectives on current events by having access to various resources.

Lam refers to a project conducted in a US high school with immigrant students and their peers on multimedia storytelling. Students gathered documents on immigration policy from different sources, interviewed members of their own communities regarding immigration experiences, and created a video documentary to show to others. Participating students could draw on their language skills, digital networks and access to different resources in the process of learning. Moreover, their linguistic and media literacy skills were acknowledged and valued as part of the exercise. By immigrant students having access to numerous linguistic, social and cultural contexts, other students gain insights into different societies and media reporting. Students in the classroom can discuss problems and issues from all over the world from different points of view including the local, national and transnational. Immigrant students in particular can be shown that their multilingual and media literacy skills are appreciated and can be encouraged to use and deepen them.

– Lilian Kreimann

Lam, W. S. E. (2012). What immigrant students can teach us about new media literacy. Phi Delta Kappan 94:4 (December 2012/January 2013), 62-65.

Positive effects of heritage language classes on linguistic confidence and ethnic identity

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Heritage languages form not only a part of their speakers’ linguistic repertoire, but also represent an important element of their cultural and ethnic identity. Yet heritage language speakers are by no means a homogeneous group: They come from diverse backgrounds and they differ in their degree of competence in the heritage language with many never reaching their parents’ or grandparents’ level of fluency. These issues are critical within the field of heritage language research, as a solid linguistic confidence promotes language maintenance and supports the speakers in feeling comfortable within their ethnic community.

Ana Sánchez-Muñoz examined a group of 50 university students, mostly second generation Mexican Americans/Chicanos, who took Spanish heritage language classes in the USA. The courses were specifically designed to meet the needs of heritage language speakers. Unlike second or foreign language classes, in which heritage language speakers often struggle with issues of confidence, these classes include topics such as the complex relationship between language and socio-political structures and identity formation. Sánchez-Muñoz wanted to find out whether the classes had a positive effect on the students’ perception of themselves as Latino Spanish speakers. Two questionnaires (one at the beginning of the academic year and the other at the end) were administered, and interviews were conducted.

At the beginning of the year, there is a close match between students’ perceived language ability and confidence. They appear to find production in the heritage language (speaking and writing) much more challenging than receptive skills (listening and reading). At the end of the year, all students show an increase in both linguistic ability and overall confidence. The clearest improvement can be seen in writing. The students themselves indicate that writing is the main motivation for taking the classes, as they have been least able to develop this skill without formal education in their heritage language.

Speakers expressed shame around the perceived lower status of the heritage language, as well as fear of being mocked by others or of being rejected by their ethnic community due to their lack of linguistic ability. The interviews also indicated, however, a sort of ‘linguistic healing’ following the heritage language courses. Students feel more proficient in Spanish and more prepared to use it in different contexts as they were helped to overcome feelings of shame and inadequacy. Sánchez-Muñoz thereby shows that programs designed for heritage language speakers can have an important impact on language maintenance and on developing a healthy linguistic and ethnic identity.

– Sara Romano

Sánchez-Muñoz, A. (2016). Heritage language healing? Learners’ attitudes and damage control in heritage language classroom. In Pascual y Cabo, D. (Ed.), Advances in Spanish as a Heritage Language (Studies in Bilingualism 49), 205-218.